hadoop完全分布模式安装配置

hadoop有三种运行方式：单价模式，伪分布式，完全分布模式
在此介绍下完全分布模式。
安装前应先将VMware和linux系统安装好（我安装的VMware 9.0 和redhat 5），
安装VMware Tools，调通网络，桥接，NAT都行，我用是桥接方式。
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步骤：
1、配置hosts文件
2、建立hadoop运行账号
3、配置ssh免密码连入
4、下载并解压hadoop安装包
5、配置namenode，修改site文件
6、配置hadoop-env.sh文件
7、配置masters和slaves文件
8、向各个节点复制hadoop
9、格式化mamenode
10、启动hadoop
11、使用jps检验各个后台进程是否成功启动
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1、配置hosts文件，修改所有节点的/etc/hosts,使彼此之间都能把主机名解析为IP
   

[root@red1 ~]# sudo gedit /etc/hosts
 # Do not remove the following line, or various programs
 # that require network functionality will fail.
 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
 ::1 localhost2.localdomain2 localhost2
 172.21.42.84 red1 
 172.21.42.82 red2

  
2、在所有的节点上都建立运行hadoop的账号
 

  [root@red1 ~]# useradd hadoop
  [root@red1 ~]# passwd hadoop

 

3、ssh配置，注意要以hadoop用户的主目录下进行操作，每个节点相同
   

   [hadoop@red1 ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
   Generating public/private rsa key pair.
   Enter file in which to save the key (/home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa): 
   Created directory '/home/hadoop/.ssh'.
   Your identification has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.
   Your public key has been saved in /home/hadoop/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
   The key fingerprint is:
   9b:82:ea:58:b4:e0:35:d7:ff:19:66:a6:ef:ae:0e:d2 hadoop@red1

   [hadoop@red1 /]$ cd /home/hadoop/.ssh/
   [hadoop@red1 .ssh]$ ls
   id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts
   [hadoop@red1 ~]$ cp id_rsa.pub authorized_keys

 

   同理：在其他节点上进行相应操作。
   
   分发ssh公钥，把各个节点的authorized_keys的内容互相拷贝加入到对方的此文件中，然后可以实现免密码彼此ssh连入
  

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAmzXjSVazkfYs6WDxSnopXf41mKDMKj
D4m7ZwH9+peZVQAWIzGAlkVn6Osn/dSZAKhdPqf8dTQfgtw8BkgapqCq3dWCImeEOl
T6Hw452+AH55BiDnzleuOLueh+itq639DCFty8zMSj0H14GVc0KMfsQxnJqsCfF7EY
pwVWzmFI8bbMeoynQA1m5QIJEJC8AsLKy8/MZhy9GaGKTv/BkDwpkbF1LsLew7Mg35
/ddeX7z8Fsx7nS2rko8/rAxRO47JEFVw2VXVeWfdPPXNVbTXppu0StV+Pdaffell6D
jKizHf8aX87MRHFK+8DiTBD5+BsZsmw9ynbjJasxMl05Kxnw== hadoop@red1

ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAn86HahOIgUA7FeIwgfvJx8IdvRFuCy
x8MEdFqhFThLBE49RoG0wkmc06j2uSb/Kq9xTrIQrev0dP0i9QPUCBn8DaQ80AylE8
uqOPivXqFLd9Qni/mAqASaOkHM5SWU8fPJAZIljq5nJ+zSUXC381isqwYkX63lPJZu
traCglEy6yJoqfvvR5TKrAm9nLNCl3SYRoH/nT1+Vt+ywVaaFkTzvZUbiAs54krz3E
on8n8tFAJvlMAvZdmoy+s/bBUTTsR4SPwG7teRXTrJBD2zHAJnzVMu8AJe3TipyXBh
PlT5Gfu8RgfhTMx/S2rCIfezqi4pc5vFKY5u0UJdbF7cTC6w== hadoop@red2

 

4、下载hadoop压缩包并解压
  

 [hadoop@red1 ~]$ tar -zxvf hadoop-0.20.2.tar.gz /home/hadoop/

 

5、修改配置文件
(1) 修改core-site.xml文件

 [hadoop@red1 ~]# cd /home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/conf/
        [hadoop@red1 conf]# sudo gedit core-site.xml

  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

  <!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

  <configuration>
  <property>
  <name>fs.default.name</name>
  <value>hdfs://red1:9000</value>
  </property>
  <property>
  <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
  <value>/home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/tmp</value>
  </property>
  </configuration>

 
(2) 修改mapred-site.xml
 

[hadoop@red1 conf]# sudo gedit mapred-site.xml
  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

  <!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

  <configuration>
  <property>
  <name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
  <value>red1:9001</value>
  </property>
  </configuration>

  
(3) 修改 hdfs-site.xml 文件

[hadoop@red1 conf]# sudo gedit hdfs-site.xml
  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

  <!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

  <configuration>
  <property>
  <name>dfs.name.dir</name>
  <value>/home/hadoop/hdfs/name</value>
  </property>
  <property>
  <name>dfs.data.dir</name>
  <value>/home/hadoop/hdfs/data</value>
  </property>
  <property>
  <name>dfs.replication</name>
  <value>1</value>
  </property>
  </configuration>

  

6、配置hadoop-env.sh文件
在hadoop-env.sh文件中配置jdk的环境变量

 # The java implementation to use.  Required.
 # export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/j2sdk1.5-sun
   export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_03

7、配置masters和slaves文件
     masters文件中添加 red1
 [hadoop@red1 conf]$ sudo gedit masters
     slaves文件中添加  red2 
 [hadoop@red1 conf]$ sudo gedit slaves

8、向各个节点复制hadoop

[hadoop@red1 conf]$ scp -r /home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2 red2:/home/hadoop

  

9、格式化mamenode
       

 [hadoop@red1 hadoop-0.20.2]$ bin/hadoop namenode -format

 14/01/21 16:35:09 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG: 
 /************************************************************
 STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
 STARTUP_MSG:   host = red1/172.21.42.84
 STARTUP_MSG:   args = [-format]
 STARTUP_MSG:   version = 0.20.2
 STARTUP_MSG:   build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-0.20 -r 911707; compiled by 'chrisdo' on Fri Feb 19 08:07:34 UTC 2010
 ************************************************************/
 14/01/21 16:35:09 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner=hadoop,hadoop
        14/01/21 16:35:09 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup=supergroup
 14/01/21 16:35:09 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled=true
 14/01/21 16:35:09 INFO common.Storage: Image file of size 96 saved in 0 seconds.
 14/01/21 16:35:09 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory .../hadoop-hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.
 14/01/21 16:35:09 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: 
 /************************************************************
 SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at red1/172.21.42.84
 ************************************************************/

  
 没有waring和error，出现has been successfully，格式成功。
10、启动hadoop
 

        [hadoop@red1 ~]$ start-all.sh 
	starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-namenode-red1.out
	red2: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-datanode-red2.out
	red1: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-secondarynamenode-red1.out
	starting jobtracker, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-jobtracker-red1.out
	red2: starting tasktracker, logging to /home/hadoop/hadoop-0.20.2/bin/../logs/hadoop-hadoop-tasktracker-red2.out

 
11、使用jps检验各个后台进程是否成功启动
 namenode节点

[hadoop@red1 ~]# /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_03/bin/jps
 27561 Jps
 7377 NameNode
 7606 JobTracker
 7523 SecondaryNameNode

  

 datanode节点

 [hadoop@red2 ~]$ /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_03/bin/jps
 14745 Jps
 6658 TaskTracker
 6577 DataNode

 

成功。